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Raymond Murray Schafer, (born 18 July 1933) is a Canadian composer, writer, music educator and environmentalist perhaps best known for his ''World Soundscape Project'', concern for acoustic ecology, and his book ''The Tuning of the World'' (1977). He was notably the first recipient of the Jules Léger Prize in 1978.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title = World Soundscape Project ) 〕 ==Biography== Born in Sarnia, Ontario, he studied at the Royal Schools of Music in London, the Royal Conservatory of Music, and the University of Toronto. At the last institution he was a pupil of Richard Johnston. His music education theories are followed around the world. He started soundscape studies at Simon Fraser University in the 1960s. In addition to introducing the concept of soundscape, he also coined the term ''schizophonia'' in 1969, the splitting of a sound from its source or the condition caused by this split: "We have split the sound from the maker of the sound. Sounds have been torn from their natural sockets and given an amplified and independent existence. Vocal sound, for instance, is no longer tied to a hole in the head but is free to issue from anywhere in the landscape." Steven Feld, borrowing a term from Gregory Bateson, calls the recombination and recontextualization of sounds split from their sources ''schismogenesis''. In 1987 he was awarded the first Glenn Gould Prize in recognition of his contributions. In 2005 he was awarded the Walter Carsen Prize, by the Canada Council for the Arts, one of the top honours for lifetime achievement by a Canadian artist.〔 〕 In 2009, Schafer received the Governor General's Performing Arts Award for Lifetime Artistic Achievement, Canada's highest honour in the performing arts.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://ggpaa.ca/award-recipients/2009/schafer-r-murray.aspx )〕 In 2013, he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada "for his contributions as an internationally renowned composer of contemporary music, and for his groundbreaking work in acoustic ecology".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Governor General Announces 90 New Appointments to the Order of Canada )〕 Schafer is a practitioner of graphic notation.〔(R. Murray Schafer ) at National Arts Centre ''ArtsAlive'' web site. Retrieved 2011-11-17.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「R. Murray Schafer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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